1. Orientation of ENGINE parts


2. Function of ENGINE parts

 1. Cylinder Head

  • Houses valve mechanism and also works as the combustion chamber.
  • The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy and press fitted with valve guides.
  • The cylinder head is fitted with an intake valve and exhaust valve and forms combustion chamber.
  • The camshaft is positioned above the valves and driven by valve timing chain.
  • The rocker arms is fitted in the cylinder head over which cover the camshaft.



2. Valves










  • Their are intake and exhaust valves which are of mushroom shaped. these are called poppet valves.
  • The valves are exposed to high temperature and high pressure and in addition they move up and down so need excellent strength, heat resistance, wear resistance and heat transfer rate and must form good seal with valve seat.
  • valves are made of special steel such as nickel-chrome steel.

3. Camshaft

Types of camshaft are as follows:


 1. Overhead valves (O.H.V)
2. Single overhead camshaft (S.O.H.C)
3. Double overhead camshaft (D.O.H.C) 

  • The camshaft is made of special cast-iron with wear resistance, and has the same number of cam-lobes as valves.
  • It opens and close the valves through rocker arms.
  • The camshaft contact the rocker arm and their profile arrangement.
  • Takes the drive from the crankshaft through timing chain and cam sprocket.
  • The case of D.O.H.C ( double overhead camshaft) two camshaft for intake and exhaust valves are used.

4. Piston
 

  • Compresses air fuel mixture and receives force of explosion.
  • Through connecting rod transfers reciprocating force to crank shaft. 
  • The piston is made up of aluminum alloy casting.